Many BIA devices use empirical equations to compensate for technological flaws, including the lack of torso impedance (due to whole-body impedance measurement), single frequency measurements (which are unable to differentiate between water compartments), and lack of reproducibility (from electrode placement or positioning). These empirical equations utilize data, such as age, sex, and ethnicity, to calculate body composition based on common trends rather than relying solely on the individual’s actual body composition.